Introduction
In this unit we learned about the different aspects of circuits. The following are key terms and ideas gathered from the unit.
Coulomb's Law
What is an electric charge?
an electric charge is a charge that is either positive or negative, countered by neutral objects that have an equal amount of protons and electrons. charge's variable is in values of "q" and charge is measure in values of C (coulombs)
What is electric charge?
Its most important quality, opposites attract. Opposite charges have a stronger attraction the greater they become, but charges that are of the same type repel one another. This idea is captured by coulombs law which goes as follows, electric force increases as charges increase, and electric force decrease when the distance between two charged particles becomes larger.
What is electrostatic induction?
electrostatic induction is the effect that one charged particle can have on another, which can happen through friction or contact.
- Polarized objects: one end of the object is positively charged and its opposite end is negatively charged, its total charge is 0
- Conductors: electrons can move in a mobile charge
- Insulators: electrons cant move in a fixed charge
- Induction: objects are not touching in a transfer of charges
- Conduction: objects are touching in a transfer of charges
What is electric potential energy?
electric potential is the energy it takes to move an elementary charge in an electric field. Voltage is the measurement of the electromotive force which is the difference in potential.
What is a circuit?
A circuit can be divided into two groups, series and parallel circuits.
- a series circuit is continuous and each components follows one after another
- a parallel circuit has multiple routes with components throughout the circuit.
Resistors in series = Add up the resistance in each one to find the equivalent resistance
Resistors in parallel = Add up the reciprocals of all of the resistors and then take the reciprocal of that number
*Resistors in a series have a resistance equivalent to the sum of the resistors
*Resistors in parallel have a total resistance of the sum of the reciprocals of the resistance.
Ohm's Law
- Resistivity: the natural opposition of flow an object can have, varies on material and temperature
- Resistance: measures the difficulty for charges to flow
Kirchoff's Law
- loop rule: the sum of all voltages is 0
- Junction Rule: current entering a junction = current leaving a junction
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